Computer Organization and Design, 4th Edition: The Hardware ...

Apr 10, 2013 | 1,212 views |

Book Description

This Fourth Revised Edition of Computer Organization and Design includes a complete set of updated and new exercises, along with improvements and changes suggested by instructors and students. Focusing on the revolutionary change taking place in industry today?the switch from uniprocessor to multicore microprocessors?this classic textbook has a modern and up-to-date focus on parallelism in all its forms. Examples highlighting multicore and GPU processor designs are supported with performance and benchmarking data. As with previous editions, a MIPS processor is the core used to present the fundamentals of hardware technologies, assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies and I/O. Sections on the ARM and x86 architectures are also included.

• The companion CD provides a toolkit of simulators and compilers along with tutorials for using them, as well as advanced content for further study and a search utility for finding content on the CD and in the printed text. For the convenience of readers who have purchased an ebook edition or who may have misplaced the CD-ROM, all CD content is available as a download at bit.ly/nFXcLq
• This Revised Fourth Edition of Computer Organization and Design has been updated with new exercises and improvements throughout suggested by instructors teaching from the book
• Covers the revolutionary change from sequential to parallel computing, with a chapter on parallelism and sections in every chapter highlighting parallel hardware and software topics
• Includes an appendix by the Chief Scientist and the Director of Architecture of NVIDIA covering the emergence and importance of the modern GPU, describing in detail for the first time the highly parallel, highly multithreaded multiprocessor optimized for visual computing

Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Computer Abstractions and Technology
Chapter 2. Instructions: Language of the Computer
Chapter 3. Arithmetic for Computers
Chapter 4. The Processor
Chapter 5. Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
Chapter 6. Storage and Other I/O Topics
Chapter 7. Multicores, Multiprocessors, and Clusters

Book Details

• Paperback: 914 pages
• Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann; 4th Edition (October 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0123747503
• ISBN-13: 978-0123747501

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Computer Organization and Design, 4th Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface

Tags: ?Architecture ? Assembly ? Cluster ? Computer ? Computing ? I/O ? Parallel ? PDF ? Performance ? Processor ? Software

Source: http://www.wowebook.com/book/computer-organization-and-design-4th-edition-the-hardware-software-interface/

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Wis.-based Oshkosh to lay off 900 this summer

OSHKOSH, Wis. (AP) -- Defense contractor Oshkosh Corp. plans to lay off 900 people this summer as military vehicle orders decline.

The Oshkosh-based company says it will begin laying off 700 hourly employees in mid-June, with 200 salaried employees to be laid off by the end of July.

Company leaders say production is declining as the military continues to wind down from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Oshkosh executive vice president and president of defense John Urias says while other business segments of Oshkosh and many U.S. companies were enduring layoffs during the recession, Oshkosh Defense was hiring employees. But Urias says circumstances have now changed.

WLUK-TV (http://bit.ly/10Gbt7O ) reports that Oshkosh Defense said it was able to save about 165 jobs by keeping in-house work that traditionally had been done externally.

___

Information from: WLUK-TV, http://www.fox11online.com

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/wis-based-oshkosh-lay-off-184817890.html

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Relationships .. The Lost Cause? | An amazing culture scene is ...

Oh how it feels good to be back. I?ve been gone from the blog scene due to various obligations such as The United States Army & trying not to fuck someone up around here for their racist antics, but like usual, they can?t hold me down lol. But since I?m on the brink of my getting out of the uniform service, I figured I should give you guys something new til I return to full form after my full discharge.

Now I would?ve made this Rants & Raves VII but I figured that you guys deserved my A++ game when I post one of those, So I?ll hold off til I get ample time to sit and think and put it together in a more tasteful manner. But there?s one thing that bothers me now a days, & that?s the value of a relationship. Too many times I?ve heard recently ?It?s ok .. It doesn?t mean anything if you?re not married?. Now this is the part where I get confused. You mean to tell me it?s ok to go out and lie & cheat on someone you?re dating just because you guys aren?t married. Now that is something that I can?t wrap my finger or my mind around because I thought the whole reason for being in a relationship and dating someone was for the purpose of potentially marrying them.

Now I understand in the beginning when you?re getting to know them and you aren?t too sure if you guys are going to make it to the next day because you?re walking around on egg shells essentially because you guys are in the getting to know phase. But after you make that conscience decision to say ?hey, I think this person might be worth it in the long run?, You should not have a feeling of wanting to cheat while you?re with that person. You slowly but surely let loose of all those loose ends that weren?t really relationship potential because if they were .. You?d be dating them right now rather than the person you?re with at the current moment, then you engage in being fully invested in getting to know them.

But as I stated before more than one person has pointed out to me that if you aren?t married to that person, then you aren?t obligated to be faithful. I find that a shame because to me, the foundation of your marriage comes from a strong friendship and a partnership that is developed over time after being with that individual. You shouldn?t want to cheat and lie to that person anyways, because to me if you do, then you don?t belong together anyways. If things get hard and you want to run away, then you don?t belong together with that person. If you can?t openly express yourself to that person and they at least try to understand where you come from, then you don?t belong with that person.

At some point you give up certain things you use to do when you were single so that you can? build a better relationship with that other person. I wrote a blog almost three years ago about things that you should give up when you?re working on a relationship with someone. just some basic things that you should want to do when you get with someone you could potentially see yourself with in the future.Here?s that list to jog? your memory?

1. Stop conversing with people you talked to, dated, fucked, or even looked at with interest.?[Face it, what good can come from this, like really, what could possibly come out of a person that you use to mess around with. Friends or no friends, whether they're cool or they're not. The person you're in a relationship with will always have a problem with them as long as they're around. Just stop it for Pete's sake!]

2. Clubbing, Drinking, & anything else.?[You should come to the realization that none of these things apply to you anymore. Like ok seriously, what's the point of going out to the club with your friends. That's only going to cause more awkward tension when you go back and say, "oo well I was with my friends at the club a little buzzed & I danced with this one guy like three times, blah blah blah." give it a rest. If you're really serious about your significant other. Then you know it's time to hang the club attire up]

3. Texting & Phone Calls?[This goes along the lines of number one. Like seriously, anybody that calls or texts you after 11:30 talking about "What's up?" needs to be put in their places immediately. Like what in the blue hell do you think someone wants at that time of the night, everybody is already in a club somewhere, so they're not calling about that. & they're definitely not calling to talk about homework. Come to your senses, they're not good for the health of your relationship]

4. The Meetings?[There will be a serious of meetings of friends of the person you're involved with. Just try to be studious and do all the things that you did when you met and attracted the person that you talked to, cause nine times out of ten, the person you talk to, their friends are just like them in some kind of way, so they would probably be the same person a sense.]

5. Break bad habits?[oo geez, this a relationship killer. If you don't know how to move past the bad things that held you back from previous relationships progressing, then you're basically screwed. Cause how can you move forward if you're doing the same thing from the past?]

Now as I re-read that list & thought if any of it made sense to my 26 year old self, because I wrote it when I was 23, and the only thing I can debate about is #2 because I found out different levels of clubbing, you can go to kick backs and nice bars, but other than that, if you?re over the age of 24, then you shouldn?t be face down and ass up in the middle of any club and expect someone to take you serious.

I find it odd how people can say, it?s ok because you?re not married. That just an gate way conversation for when you get up there in some years of marriage and the other person decides to tell you that they just sucked 12 dicks and kissed you on the mouth or ate whole bunch of ass and decided to tongue your throat down. We as a society need to do better when it comes to relationships, because too many failed relationships these days involve kids and if you take the time to work on your problems now, then maybe later you won?t have anything to work out besides what restaurants to eat or where to retire.

But hey, this is strictly my opinion, if you feel different, feel free to share. Because I know some dumb ass is going to try and dispute this just because they want to be difficult lol
[Editor's Note:]
This was a post on the whim so if there are a lot of grammatical errors, keep it to yourself, no one gives a shit lol& like always visit my homie Tiff?s blog over at?http://dolcezzasweet.blogspot.com/?.. it?s some pretty dope stuff over there, until next time!! >Posted?by?Devy Dev

Source: http://www.laceysol.com/relationships-the-lost-cause/

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A Modular, Fully Customizable Wine Rack For Every Type of Drinker

Regardless of whether you're a sommelier-hopeful or just a dedicated lush, you're going to need a wine rack to match your distinct, personal tastes and—er, volume. This is exactly what makes the completely customizable and optionally mountable Nucleus wine rack from Thijs Goossink so fantastic. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/v3NJuqDPvyA/a-modular-fully-customizable-wine-rack-for-every-type-of-drinker

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Kenya inaugurates Uhuru Kenyatta as president

NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) ? Tens of thousands of Kenyans and about a dozen African leaders on Tuesday packed a sports stadium to watch the inauguration of Kenya's fourth president, Uhuru Kenyatta.

Kenyatta, 51, the son of Kenya's first president, becomes the second sitting African president to face charges at the International Criminal Court over allegations he helped orchestrate the vicious tribe-on-tribe violence that marred Kenya's 2007 presidential election.

Before the March 4 vote, the top U.S. official for Africa warned of "consequences" if Kenyatta was voted into office. European countries offered similar warnings. But the U.S. ambassador and European ambassadors were in attendance at Tuesday's ceremony, and analysts say they doubt the warnings of consequences will amount to very much.

Kenya is the lynchpin economy for East Africa's economy and the West's most vital security partner. Kenyan troops are helping battle al-Shabab militants inside Somalia, and Kenya hosts a U.S. military base near the Somali border.

Kenyatta ? the son of Jomo Kenyatta ? won the country's March 4 election victory with 50.07 percent of the vote. That win was challenged by outgoing Prime Minister Raila Odinga and civil society groups that complained of myriad anomalies in the voting process, but the Supreme Court upheld Kenyatta's win.

That court process, as well as requests by Odinga for peace, helped Kenya avoid the bloody deaths the country saw for two months in late 2007 and early 2008, when more than 1,000 people died in postelection violence.

Kenyatta has insisted he is innocent on allegations he helped orchestrate the violence and has pledged to cooperate with the ICC. His trial is scheduled to begin in July.

Kenyatta's deputy, William Ruto, faces similar charges at the ICC. His trial is set to begin in May.

Even as thousands cheered the dignitaries arriving at the Nairobi sports stadium, some in the crowd had Kenya's past violence on their mind.

"Kenyatta should put reconciliation as his priority. He must make sure we come as one nation," said Ndungu Kariuki, a 35-year-old engineer who was at the ceremony. "The charges against Uhuru are framed I was affected by the postelection violence and I know what happened. Kenyatta will be free."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/kenya-inaugurates-uhuru-kenyatta-president-075520294.html

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Stocks rise ahead of earnings season

NEW YORK (AP) ? Stocks ended modestly higher Monday, shrugging off an early decline, as investors waited to see whether big U.S. companies would deliver on expectations of strong earnings in 2013.

Alcoa became the first major U.S. company to report earnings late Monday, and the results were mostly good. Aluminum maker's income was higher than analysts were expecting, but its revenue fell slightly short of expectations. Later this week the pace picks up with reports from Bed Bath & Beyond, Wells Fargo and JPMorgan Chase.

A big factor driving the Standard & Poor's 500 up 9.6 percent this year has been optimism that it will be a good year for company profits. While the expectations for the first quarter are relatively modest, many investors are expecting to see more of a pickup in earnings later in the year.

"We need to see some earnings growth here to justify the big gains we've seen in the first quarter," said Ryan Detrick, a senior technical analyst at Schaeffer's Investment Research.

Earnings for companies in the S&P 500 index are expected to rise by 0.7 percent from the first quarter of last year, but that growth is expected to accelerate sharply to 13 percent in the final three-month period of the year, according to data from S&P Capital IQ.

On Monday the Dow Jones industrial average rose 48.23 points, or 0.3 percent, to close at 14,613.48. The index started the day lower and fell as much as 67 points during morning trading. Alcoa's gain of 1.8 percent was one of the biggest in the Dow. It rose 15 cents to $8.39. The stock was off seven cents in after-hours trading.

The S&P 500 index closed up 9.79 points, or 0.6 percent, at 1,563.07.

The Dow and S&P have struggled for direction over the past three weeks. The S&P 500 has alternated between gains and losses every day as investors take advantage of any weakness to add to their holdings.

Telecommunications stocks fell 0.5 percent and health care stocks inched up just 0.2 percent, lagging the rest of the market. The two industry groups have performed well this year as investors sought out less risky stocks that pay good dividends. Health care companies are up almost 16 percent, making them the best performers in the S&P 500.

Lufkin Industries, an oilfield equipment maker, surged $24.03, or 38 percent, to $87.96 after General Electric Co. agreed to buy the company for $3 billion. GE wants to bolster its oil and gas operations. Its stock rose 19 cents, or 0.8 percent, to $23.12.

Johnson & Johnson logged the biggest percentage decline on the 30-member Dow Jones industrial average, dropping 93 cents to $81.11. Analysts at JPMorgan cut their rating on the stock to "neutral," saying it has risen too far, too fast. Johnson & Johnson is up 16 percent this year.

Stocks fell Friday after the government reported a slowdown in hiring that was far worse than economists had expected. The report capped a bad week: The S&P 500 logged its biggest weekly decline of the year as signs emerged that U.S. growth is starting to cool.

In other trading, the Nasdaq composite index rose 18.39 points, or 0.6 percent, to 3,222.25.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury rose to 1.75 percent from 1.71 percent late Friday. It went as 1.69 percent Friday, its lowest level of the year. The benchmark rate has fallen from a recent high of 2.06 percent reached March 11 as demand for low-risk assets increases.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/stocks-rise-ahead-earnings-season-211101726--finance.html

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Do cells in the blood, heart and lungs smell the food we eat?

Apr. 7, 2013 ? In a discovery suggesting that odors may have a far more important role in life than previously believed, scientists have found that heart, blood, lung and other cells in the body have the same receptors for sensing odors that exist in the nose. It opens the door to questions about whether the heart, for instance, "smells" that fresh-brewed cup of coffee or cinnamon bun, according to the research leader, who spoke in New Orleans on April 7 at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society.

Peter Schieberle, Ph.D., an international authority on food chemistry and technology, explained that scientists thought that the nose had a monopoly on olfactory receptors. Located on special cells in the mucus-covered olfactory epithelium in the back of the nose, olfactory receptors are docking ports for the airborne chemical compounds responsible for the smell of food and other substances. Those molecules connect with the receptors, triggering a chain of biochemical events that register in the brain as specific odors. But discovery of olfactory receptors on other, non-olfactory cells came as a surprise.

"Our team recently discovered that blood cells -- not only cells in the nose -- have odorant receptors," said Schieberle. "In the nose, these so-called receptors sense substances called odorants and translate them into an aroma that we interpret as pleasing or not pleasing in the brain. But surprisingly, there is growing evidence that also the heart, the lungs and many other non-olfactory organs have these receptors. And once a food is eaten, its components move from the stomach into the bloodstream. But does this mean that, for instance, the heart 'smells' the steak you just ate? We don't know the answer to that question."

His team recently found that primary blood cells isolated from human blood samples are attracted to the odorant molecules responsible for producing a certain aroma. Schieberle described one experiment in which scientists put an attractant odorant compound on one side of a partitioned multi-well chamber, and blood cells on the other side. The blood cells moved toward the odor.

"Once odor components are inside the body, however, it is unclear whether they are functioning in the same way as they do in the nose," he stated. "But we would like to find out."

Schieberle's group and colleagues at the Technical University of Munich work in a field termed "sensomics," which focuses on understanding exactly how the mouth and the nose sense key aroma, taste and texture compounds in foods, especially comfort foods like chocolate and roasted coffee.

For example, baked beans and beans in foods like chili provide a "full," rich mouth-feel. Adding the component of beans responsible for this texture to another food could give it the same sensation in the mouth, he explained. Natural components also can interact with substances in foods to create new sensations.

The researchers use sensomics to better understand why foods taste, feel and smell appetizing or unappetizing. They use laboratory instruments to pick apart the chemical components. They then put those components together in different combinations and give these versions to human taste-testers who evaluate the foods. In this way, they discovered that although coffee contains 1,000 potential odor components, only 25 actually interact with an odor receptor in the nose and are smelled.

"Receptors help us sense flavors and aromas in the mouth and nose," said Schieberle. "These receptors are called G-protein-coupled receptors, and they were the topic of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2012. They translate these sensations into a perception in the brain telling us about the qualities of a food." Odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system also were the topic of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Of the total of around 1,000 receptors in the human body, about 800 of these are G-protein-coupled receptors, he said. Half of these G-protein-coupled receptors sense and translate aromas. But only 27 taste receptors exist. And although much research in the food industry has gone into identifying food components, little effort has focused on the tying those components to flavor perceptions until now, he said.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Chemical Society (ACS).

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/qiZOTT2T7F0/130407183542.htm

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